Assessment of Karst Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination as a Tool for Delineation of Source Protection Zones: A Case Study in the Crimean Mountains

Токарев Сергей Викторович; Амеличев Геннадий Николаевич; Брага Елена Владимировна; Середа Александр Игоревич

doi:doi:10.2205/2024ES000953

ВАК 1.6.16 ВАК 1.6.6 ВАК 1.6.21 ВАК 1.6 УДК 556 УДК 55 УДК 550.34 УДК 550.383 ГРНТИ 38.61 ГРНТИ 87.19 ГРНТИ 37.01 ГРНТИ 37.15 ГРНТИ 37.25 ГРНТИ 37.31 ГРНТИ 38.01 ГРНТИ 36.00 ГРНТИ 37.00 ГРНТИ 38.00 ГРНТИ 39.00 ГРНТИ 52.00 ОКСО 05.03.06 ОКСО 05.06.01 ББК 26 ББК 263 ТБК 6337 ТБК 63 BISAC SCI081000 BISAC SCI

Assessment of Karst Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination as a Tool for Delineation of Source Protection Zones: A Case Study in the Crimean Mountains

Опубликовано в Russian Journal of Earth Sciences · Том 24, Номер 4, 2024 · Страницы 1–15 · Рубрики: ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

DOI 10.2205/2024ES000953 EDN jjxunl

Получено: 05.09.2024 Одобрено: 15.11.2024 Опубликовано: 26.12.2024 Язык публикаций: RUS

Авторы

Токарев Сергей Викторович ¹ iD · Амеличев Геннадий Николаевич ² iD · Брага Елена Владимировна ³ iD · Середа Александр Игоревич ⁴ iD

1 Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского (кафедра физической географии и геоморфологии, доцент)
, Институт водных проблем РАН

2 Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского
, Институт водных проблем РАН

3 Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И.Вернадского

4 Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского

АННОТАЦИЯ

The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination provides a hydrogeological basis for the designation of protection zones for drinking water sources. This paper presents a case study from the Crimean Mountains where karst groundwater plays a primary role in water supply. Groundwater vulnerability assessment has been carried out for two large karst springs: the Ayan and Krasnopeshcherny. For this purpose, a method adapted to the conditions of karst water formation in the region, called the Mountain-Crimean method, was used. The resulting source vulnerability maps of selected test sites demonstrate both similarities and differences. The common feature is the area predominance of the moderate vulnerability class, with a minor share of the low vulnerability class. However, the vulnerability classes on the two catchments have different placement patterns, as does the presence or absence of a high vulnerability class. The catchment area of the Krasnopeshcherny spring appeared to be more sensitive to pollution than the Ayan spring. The main reason is the hydrodynamic conditions of the deep parts of the karst aquifers drained by the springs. The karst aquifer of the Krasnopeshcherny spring has a much higher groundwater flow dynamic than that of the Ayan spring. The study closes by proposing a scheme of transition from vulnerability map to sanitary protection zones for karst water intakes in accordance with the regulatory standards of the Russian Federation.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА

karst aquifer groundwater vulnerability to contamination Crimean Mountains sanitary protection zone assessment regional method water supply source phreatic zone

Информация Текст

Авторы:

1. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского (кафедра физической географии и геоморфологии, доцент)

Институт водных проблем РАН

2. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского

Институт водных проблем РАН

3. Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И.Вернадского

4. Крымский Федеральный Университет им. В.И. Вернадского

Тип:

Статья

Страницы:

с 1 по 15

Статус:

Опубликован

Классификаторы:

ВАК 1.6.16 Гидрология суши, водные ресурсы, гидрохимия
ВАК 1.6.6 Гидрогеология
ВАК 1.6.21 Геоэкология
ВАК 1.6 Науки о Земле и окружающей среде
УДК 556 Гидросфера. Вода в целом. Общая гидрология
УДК 55 Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки
УДК 550.34 Сейсмология
УДК 550.383 Главное магнитное поле Земли
ГРНТИ 38.61 Гидрогеология
ГРНТИ 87.19 Загрязнение и охрана вод суши, морей и океанов
ГРНТИ 37.01 Общие вопросы геофизики
ГРНТИ 37.15 Геомагнетизм и высокие слои атмосферы
ГРНТИ 37.25 Океанология
ГРНТИ 37.31 Физика Земли
ГРНТИ 38.01 Общие вопросы геологии
ГРНТИ 36.00 ГЕОДЕЗИЯ. КАРТОГРАФИЯ
ГРНТИ 37.00 ГЕОФИЗИКА
ГРНТИ 38.00 ГЕОЛОГИЯ
ГРНТИ 39.00 ГЕОГРАФИЯ
ГРНТИ 52.00 ГОРНОЕ ДЕЛО
ОКСО 05.03.06 Экология и природопользование
ОКСО 05.06.01 Науки о Земле
ББК 26 Науки о Земле
ББК 263 Геологические науки
ТБК 6337 Гидрогеология. Геокриология
ТБК 63 Науки о Земле. Экология
BISAC SCI081000 Earth Sciences / Hydrology
BISAC SCI SCIENCE

Язык материала:

английский

Ключевые слова:

karst aquifer, groundwater, vulnerability to contamination, Crimean Mountains, sanitary protection zone, assessment, regional method, water supply source, phreatic zone

Финансирование

The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation project No. 23-27-10045, https://rscf.ru/project/23-27-10045. The authors thank the staff of the Kizil-Koba show cave complex for help in the field works. We are grateful to Yuri Dublyansky and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and recommendations that improved the quality of the paper

Текст

Текст (PDF): Читать Скачать

Список литературы

1. Andreo, B., N. Ravbar, and J. M. Vías (2008), Source vulnerability mapping in carbonate (karst) aquifers by extension of the COP method: application to pilot sites, Hydrogeology Journal, 17(3), 749–758, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0391-1. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QNGWLT

2. Biondić, R., H. Meaški, B. Biondić, and J. Loborec (2021), Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Assess- ment (KAVA) Method-A Novel GIS-Based Method for Deep Karst Aquifers, Sustainability, 13(6), 3325, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063325.

3. Brenčič, M., J. Prestor, B. Kompare, H. Matoz, and S. Kranjc (2009), Integrated approach to delineation of drinking water protection zones, Geologija, 52(2), 175–182, https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2009.017.

4. Daly, D., A. Dassargues, D. Drew, et al. (2002), Main concepts of the "European approach" to karst-groundwater-vulnerability assessment and mapping, Hydrogeology Journal, 10(2), 340–345, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0185-1. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AVCEGV

5. Doerfliger, N., P.-Y. Jeannin, and F. Zwahlen (1999), Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method), Environmental Geology, 39(2), 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050446. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XPUUKV

6. Dublyansky, V. N., and G. N. Dublyanskaya (1996), Karst republic (Karst of the Crimea and its problems), Crimean Academy of Sciences, Simferopol (in Russian).

7. Dublyansky, V. N., and T. Z. Kiknadze (1984), Karst hydrogeology in the Alpine folded region of the south of the USSR, 128 pp., Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).

8. Dublyansky, V. N., B. A. Vakhrushev, G. N. Amelichev, and Y. I. Shutov (2002), Krasnaya cave: experience of complex karstological studies, 190 pp., RUDN, Moscow (in Russian).

9. Dublyansky, Y. V., A. B. Klimchouk, S. V. Tokarev, G. N. Amelichev, and C. Spötl (2019), Groundwater of the Crimean peninsula: a first systematic study using stable isotopes, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 55(5), 419–437, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2019.1650743. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HCVWEB

10. European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2004), COST Action 620: vulnerability and risk mapping for the protection of carbonate (karst) aquifers : final report, Publications Office.

11. Farics, E., A. Halász, S. Czigány, and E. Pirkhoffer (2021), Vulnerability mapping of karst springs and its application for the delineation of protection zones (Mecsek Karst, Hun- gary), Acta Carsologica, 50(2–3), https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v50i2-3.8583.

12. Ford, D., and P. Williams (2007), Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology, Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118684986. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WRTDQH

13. Goldscheider, N., M. Klute, S. Sturm, and H. Hötzl (2000), The PI method - a GIS-based approach to mapping groundwater vulnerability with special consideration of karst aquifers, Zeitschrift für angewandte Geologie, 46(3), 157–166.

14. Iván, V., and J. Mádl-Szőnyi (2017), State of the art of karst vulnerability assessment: overview, evaluation and outlook, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(3), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6422-2. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UASDOG

15. Jiménez-Madrid, A., F. Carrasco, C. Martínez, and R. C. Gogu (2013), DRISTPI, a new groundwater vulnerability mapping method for use in karstic and non-karstic aquifers, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 46(2), 245–255, https://doi. org/10.1144/qjegh2012-038.

16. Kavouri, K., V. Plagnes, J. Tremoulet, et al. (2011), PaPRIKa: a method for estimating karst resource and source vulnerability-application to the Ouysse karst system (southwest France), Hydrogeology Journal, 19(2), 339–353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0688-8. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VHBBGZ

17. Kazantsev, Y. V., T. T. Kazantseva, M. Y. Arzhavitina, et al. (1989), Structural geology of the Crimea, 152 pp., UrB AS USSR, Ufa (in Russian).

18. Klimchouk, A. B. (2008), Principal features and problems of karst hydrogeology: Speleoge- netic approach, Speleology and Karstology, 1, 23–46 (in Russian).

19. Klimchouk, A. B., and S. V. Tokarev (2014), Recommendations on groundwater source protection for drinking water supply in karst regions, Speleology and Karstology, (12), 5–16 (in Russian). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IGKKTI

20. Kotlyakov, V. M. (Ed.) (2007), National Atlas of Russia: in 4 volumes. Vol. 2: Environment (Nature). Ecology, Yantarny Skaz, Kaliningrad (in Russian).

21. Marín, A. I., N. Dörfliger, and B. Andreo (2011), Comparative application of two methods (COP and PaPRIKa) for groundwater vulnerability mapping in Mediterranean karst aquifers (France and Spain), Environmental Earth Sciences, 65(8), 2407–2421, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1056-2. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TVHFAL

22. Marín, A. I., N. Ravbar, G. Kovačič, B. Andreo, and M. Petrič (2014), Application of Methods for Resource and Source Vulnerability Mapping in the Orehek Karst Aquifer, SW Slovenia, in H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology, pp. 139–150, Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06139-9_10.

23. Marín, A. I., J. F. Martín Rodríguez, J. A. Barberá, et al. (2021), Groundwater vulnerability to pollution in karst aquifers, considering key challenges and considerations: application to the Ubrique springs in southern Spain, Hydrogeology Journal, 29(1), 379–396, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02279-8. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FNHAEU

24. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (2002), Sanitary Regulations 2.1.4.1110-02. Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (in Russian).

25. Moreno-Gómez, M., C. Martínez-Salvador, A.-W. Moulahoum, et al. (2019), First Steps into an Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Approach (IKAV). Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability Analysis of the Yucatan Karst, Mexico, Water, 11(8), 1610, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081610.

26. Moreno-Gómez, M., C. Martínez-Salvador, R. Liedl, C. Stefan, and J. Pacheco (2022), First application of the Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability (IKAV) method - potential and actual vulnerability in Yucatan, Mexico, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22(5), 1591–1608, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1591-2022. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BQVARU

27. Petrović, B. (2020), Intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment by multiparameter methods, a case study of Suva Planina Mountain (SE Serbia), Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(4), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-8825-8.

28. Polemio, M., D. Casarano, and P. P. Limoni (2009), Karstic aquifer vulnerability assessment methods and results at a test site (Apulia, southern Italy), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(4), 1461–1470, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1461-2009.

29. Ravbar, N. (2007), The protection of karst waters, 254 pp., Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU.

30. Ravbar, N., and N. Goldscheider (2007), Proposed Methodology of Vulnerability and Contamination Risk Mapping for the Protection of Karst Aquifers in Slovenia, Acta Carsologica, 36(3), https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v36i3.174.

31. Ravbar, N., and N. Goldscheider (2008), Comparative application of four methods of groundwater vulnerability mapping in a Slovene karst catchment, Hydrogeology Journal, 17(3), 725–733, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0368-0. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IICIUM

32. Ravbar, N., M. Petrič, M. Blatnik, and A. Švara (2021), A multi-methodological approach to create improved indicators for the adequate karst water source protection, Ecological Indicators, 126, 107,693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107693. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CMQRPH

33. Russian Geographical Society (2024), Information retrieval system "Caves". Catalogue of caves, https://speleoatlas.ru/caves/ (in Russian), (visited on 21/08/2024).

34. State geological survey (2008), State geologic maps of Ukraine. Scale 1:200 000. Sheets L-36- XXIX (Simferopol), L-36-XXXV (Yalta), 143 pp., Yuzhakogeocentre, Kiev (in Ukrainian).

35. Steiakakis, E., D. Vavadakis, and O. Mourkakou (2023), Groundwater Vulnerability and Delineation of Protection Zones in the Discharge Area of a Karstic Aquifer-Application in Agyia’s Karst System (Crete, Greece), Water, 15(2), 231, https://doi.org/10.3390/w1 5020231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020231; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GWZEWA

36. Stevanović, Z. (2019), Karst waters in potable water supply: a global scale overview, Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(23), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8670-9. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CQTSVB

37. Tokarev, S., G. Amelichev, and Y. Amelichev (2024), Assessment of karst ground water vulnerability to contamination on the main massifs of the Mountain Crimea using regional methods, Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 16(1), 397–409, https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2024-16-1-397-409 (in Russian). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FPCMUQ

38. Vakhrushev, B. A., G. N. Amelichev, S. V. Tokarev, and G. V. Samokhin (2022), The Main Problems of Karst Hydrogeology in the Crimean Peninsula, Water Resources, 49(4), 595– 604, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807822040182. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WFFWZK

39. Vías, J. M., B. Andreo, M. J. Perles, et al. (2006), Proposed method for groundwater vulnerability mapping in carbonate (karstic) aquifers: the COP method: Application in two pilot sites in Southern Spain, Hydrogeology Journal, 14(6), 912–925, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0023-6. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DSXXKK

40. Vyed’, I. P. (2000), Climatic atlas of Crimea. Supplement to "Questions of development of Crimea", 120 pp., Tavriya-Plus, Simferopol (in Russian).

41. Yogafanny, E., and D. Legono (2021), Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability using COP Method to Support the Groundwater Protection in Karst Area, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 930(1), 012,036, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012036. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FCBZTK

42. Yudin, V. V. (2011), Tectonics of karst massif Chatyrdag in Crimea, Speleology and Karstology, (8), 5–17 (in Russian).

Assessment of Karst Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination as a Tool for Delineation of Source Protection Zones: A Case Study in the Crimean Mountains

Подтверждение

Регистрация