Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatotoxic effect of medi-cines in dogs and cats are considered. The damage of liver can be caused by preparations of direct toxic action and as a result of idiosyncrasy. Iatrogenic hepatopathy can proceed with the phenomena of cytolysis and cholestasis. Animals of different types have features of xenobiotics biotransformation which can cause medicinal damage of liver. In cats the pro-cesses of glucuronization happen only at the level of endoge-nous connections therefore application of preparations which metabolism is connected with glucuronization can have toxic effect on liver. However, not all preparations which are me-tabolized glucuronization are toxic for cats. It depends on what specifically glucuronyl transferase is required for bio-transformation of preparation, from the width of pharmacolog-ical action of xenobiotic and existence of other ways of me-tabolism, in particular in cats the way of metabolism with sul-fates is well developed. Special structure of feline hemoglobin that does it more sensitive to oxidation contributes to iatro-genic damages of liver and leads to faster formation of methemoglobin at reception of paracetamol, blue methylene, phenacetin, propophol and other preparations. Against inten-sive hemolysis of erythrocytes consumption by hepatocytes of oxygen decreases and a large number of products of destruc-tion of erythrocytes that leads to hypostasis and necrosis of hepatocytes is formed. Dogs have no acetylation processes therefore application of sulfanilamids which metabolize this reaction can lead to their accumulation in an organism and to the development of hepatotoxic action. At the heart of pathogenetic effect of four-chloride carbon applied earlier as anthelmintic processes of activation of free radical oxidation of lipids lie. The application of model xenobiotic for dogs leads to the increase of the level of malonic dialdehyde for the fifth day of experiment for 48.2 %, and for the tenth day - for 92.6 % in blood. The products of lipid peroxidation formed in a large number lead to the development of fermentation and cytolytic effect.
hepatotoxicity, medicines, dogs, cats, bio-transformation, lipid peroxidation, cytolysis, cholestasis
1. Baymatov V.N. Morfofuncional'nye izmeneniya v pecheni zhivotnyh posle deystviya ksenobiotikov. - Ufa, 2001. - 200 s.
2. Bueverov A.O., Volkova E.S., Bagautdinov A.M. Vozmozhnosti lecheniya lekarstvennyh porazheniy pecheni v usloviyah neobhodimosti prodolzheniya priema gepatotoksichnyh preparatov // Lechaschiy vrach. - 2009. - № 2. - S. 3-8.
3. But Don. Neblagopriyatnye reakcii na preparaty u koshek i sobak. - URL: http://infovet.ru/blog/ neblagopriyatnyie-reakczii-na-preparatyi-u-sobak-i-kosh ek-465.html.
4. Butorova A.I., Kalinin A.V., Loginov A.F. Lekarstvennye porazheniya pecheni: ucheb.-metod. posobie. - M., 2010. - 66 s.
5. Volovikova O.N., Mihaylova E.I. Rol' farmakokinetiki v razvitii personalizirovannoy mediciny pri zabolevaniyah vnutrennih organov // Problemy zdorov'ya i ekologii. - 2012. - № 2. - S. 13-18.
6. Gann-Mur D., Rid N. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniya pecheni koshek: obzor // Fokus. - 2010. - № 20/3. - S. 2-8.
7. Glotova T.I., Tugunova T.B. Effektivnost' primeneniya grizeoful'vina, ketokanazola, inrakanazola i terbinafina pri mikrosporii koshek // Vestn. Al-tayskogo gos. agrar. un-ta. - 2003. - № 1. - S. 192-193.
8. Donkova N.V. Citofunkcional'naya endoekologiya sel'skohozyaystvennyh ptic pri vozdeystvii lekarstvennyh ksenobiotikov / Krasnoyar. gos. agrar. un-t. - Krasnoyarsk, 2004. - 267 s.
9. Zmushko E.I., Belozerov E.S. Medikamentoznye oslozhneniya. - SPb.: Piter, 2001. - 448 s.
10. Kerrier M. Geneticheskaya predraspolozhennost' sobak k nezhelatel'nym pobochnym reakciyam na lekarstvennye preparaty // Fokus. - 2008. - № 1. - S. 11-17.
11. Kornyushenkov E.A. Osobennosti klinicheskoy farmakologii preparatov dlya anestezii i sedacii melkih domashnih zhivotnyh. Ch. 2 // RVZh. Melkie domashnie i dikie zhivotnye. - 2013. - № 1. - S. 33-39.
12. Levyatova N.I. Dermatocitozy sobak i koshek // Mat-ly IX Moskov. kongressa po boleznyam melkih zhivot-nyh. - M., 2008. - S.
13. Loginov A.F., Butorova L.I., Loginov A.A. Lekarstvennoe porazhenie pecheni: diagnostika, lechenie // RMZh. - 2016. - № 11. - C. 721-727.
14. Podymova S.D. Bolezni pecheni. - 4-e izd. - M., 2005. - 768 s.
15. Senter Sh. Sindrom lipidoza pecheni koshek: ponimanie i lechenie // Fokus. - 2004. - T. 14.2. - S. 12-20.
16. Kurdina M.I., Ivanikov I.O., Syutkin V.E. Sistemnye antimikotiki pri dermatomikozah i patologii gepatobiliarnoy sistemy. - M., 2004. - 156 s.
17. Polimorfizm v genah cheloveka, associiruyuschihsya s biotransformaciey ksenobiotikov / A.V. Spicyn [i dr.] // Vestn. VOGiS. - 2006. - T. 10, № 1. - S. 97-105.
18. Sulaymanova G.V., Donkova N.V. Gepatotoksicheskoe deystvie lekarstvennyh preparatov u zhivotnyh // Vestn. KrasGAU. - 2015. - № 10. - S. 201-205.
19. Shnayner Yorg. Hronicheskie zabolevaniya pecheni u melkih zhivotnyh. 2015. - URL: http://infovet.ru/user/ 119.
20. Ahman S. Treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis-associated seborrhoeic dermatitis in Devon Rex cats with itraconazole - a pilot study / S. Ahman, N. Perrins, R. Bond // Vet dermatol. - 2007. - № 18. - R. 171-174.
21. Boothe, D.M. Drug Bates, N. Paracetamol poisoning in cats. icatcare.org // Felina focus. - R. 261-267.
22. Boothe D.M. Terapy in cats: mechanisms and avoidance of adverse drug reactions // J. Am Vet Med Assoc. - 1990. - № 8. - R. 1297-1305.
23. Center S.A., Crawford M.A., Guida L. et al. A retrospec-tive study of 77 cats with severe hepatic lipidosis // Veter-inary. Internal Medicine. - 1993. - № 7. - R. 349-359.
24. Center S.A. Hepatotoxins in Small Animals. Cornell University. - URL: http://www.merckvetmanual.com /digestive-system/hepatic-disease-in-small-animals/ hepatotoxins-in-small-animals.
25. Maddrey W.C. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity // J. Clin Gastroenterol. - 2005. - R. 83-89.
26. Moriello K.A., Verbrugge M. Changes in serum chemis-try values in shelter cats treated with 21 consecutive days of oral itraconazole for dermatophytosis // Veteri-nary Dermatology. - 2013. - V. 2. - R. 557-558.
27. Trepanier L.A. Noncutaneous Adverse Drug Reactoins // Clinicians brief. - 2008. - № 2. - R. 45-47.
