employee
Cel': Pokazat' vozmozhnost' organizacii neytronnoy terapii na puchke fotoneytronov iz misheni moschnogo uskoritelya elektronov pri obespechenii trebuemoy dozy v opuholi za priemlemoe vremya ekspozicii i pri minimal'nom obluchenii normal'nyh tkaney organizma pacienta. Material i metody: Generaciya neytronov iz misheni uskoritelya elektronov proishodit dvuhstupenchato: e- γ n, prichem v vybrannom diapazone energii elektronov 20–100 MeV vyhod tormoznogo izlucheniya mnogokratno (na ~3 poryadka) prevyshaet «poleznyy» vyhod neytronov. Otsyuda voznikaet problema izbiratel'nogo podavleniya «vrednogo» dlya luchevoy terapii fotonnogo izlucheniya pri minimal'nom oslablenii potoka neytronov v vyvodimom puchke. Dlya resheniya obschey zadachi formirovaniya puchka neytronov neobhodimogo spektral'nogo sostava i dostatochnoy intensivnosti reshen ryad raschetnyh zadach podbora optimal'noy konfiguracii i sostava bloka vyvoda puchka. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno minimizacii dopolnitel'nogo oblucheniya pacienta tormoznym (generaciya elektronami) i vtorichnym (generaciya neytronami) gamma-izlucheniem misheni i materialov bloka vyvoda. Rezul'taty: Poluchennaya konfiguraciya bloka vyvoda obespechivaet trebuemoe kachestvo puchka primenitel'no k zadacham neytronozahvatnoy terapii (NZT), kotoraya yavlyaetsya edinstvennoy konkurentosposobnoy tehnologiey neytronnoy terapii na fone massovogo primeneniya protonnoy terapii i dr. metodik, izbiratel'no porazhayuschih mishen' pri minimal'noy luchevoy nagruzke na okruzhayuschie organy i tkani. Pri harakteristikah kommercheski dostupnyh uskoriteley (sredniy tok 4 mA, energiya elektronov 35 MeV) plotnost' potoka epiteplovyh fotoneytronov, trebuemyh dlya NZT, na vyhode puchka na poryadok i bolee prevyshaet velichiny, harakternye dlya suschestvuyuschih i proektiruemyh reaktornyh puchkov. Vyvody: Predlozhennaya shema generacii i vyvoda fotoneytronov dlya NZT imeet ryad nesomnennyh preimuschestv pered tradicionnymi podhodami: a) primenenie uskoriteley elektronov dlya polucheniya neytronov gorazdo bezopasnee i deshevle ispol'zovaniya tradicionnyh reaktornyh puchkov; b) uskoritel' s mishen'yu, blok vyvoda puchka s neobhodimymi ustroystvami i osnastkoy mozhet byt' bez osobyh problem razmeschen na territorii kliniki; c) primenyaemaya mishen' – zhidkiy galliy, kotoryy takzhe sluzhit i teplonositelem, yavlyaetsya ekologicheski chistym materialom: ego aktivaciya ves'ma neznachitel'na i bystro (za ~ 4 sut) spadaet do urovnya fona.
uskoritel' elektronov, vol'fram-gallievaya mishen', tormoznoe izluchenie, fotoneytrony, neytronozahvatnaya terapiya, optimizaciya harakteristik puchka
Работа посвящена обсуждению возможности создания нейтронного источника высокой интенсивности на основе жидкого галлия в составе комбинированной мишени мощного ускорителя электронов средних энергий. Кроме того, рассмотрены направления оптимизации выхода нейтронов из мишени и формирования спектра, необходимого для задач нейтронозахватной терапии (НЗТ). Основные принципы использования фотоядерных нейтронов, получаемых на электронных ускорителях, для производства радиоизотопов и медицины изложены в литературном источнике.
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